Electric Vehicles Charging Control based on Future Internet Generic Enablers

In this paper a rationale for the deployment of Future Internet based applications in the field of Electric Vehicles (EVs) smart charging is presented. The focus is on the Connected Device Interface (CDI) Generic Enabler (GE) and the Network Information and Controller (NetIC) GE, which are recognized to have a potential impact on the charging control problem and the configuration of communications networks within reconfigurable clusters of charging points. The CDI GE can be used for capturing the driver feedback in terms of Quality of Experience (QoE) in those situations where the charging power is abruptly limited as a consequence of short term grid needs, like the shedding action asked by the Transmission System Operator to the Distribution System Operator aimed at clearing networks contingencies due to the loss of a transmission line or large wind power fluctuations. The NetIC GE can be used when a master Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) hosts the Load Area Controller, responsible for managing simultaneous charging sessions within a given Load Area (LA); the reconfiguration of distribution grid topology results in shift of EVSEs among LAs, then reallocation of slave EVSEs is needed. Involved actors, equipment, communications and processes are identified through the standardized framework provided by the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM).Comment: To appear in IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEEE IEVC 2014

Attack-Surface Metrics, OSSTMM and Common Criteria Based Approach to “Composable Security” in Complex Systems

In recent studies on Complex Systems and Systems-of-Systems theory, a huge effort has been put to cope with behavioral problems, i.e. the possibility of controlling a desired overall or end-to-end behavior by acting on the individual elements that constitute the system itself. This problem is particularly important in the “SMART” environments, where the huge number of devices, their significant computational capabilities as well as their tight interconnection produce a complex architecture for which it is difficult to predict (and control) a desired behavior; furthermore, if the scenario is allowed to dynamically evolve through the modification of both topology and subsystems composition, then the control problem becomes a real challenge. In this perspective, the purpose of this paper is to cope with a specific class of control problems in complex systems, the “composability of security functionalities”, recently introduced by the European Funded research through the pSHIELD and nSHIELD projects (ARTEMIS-JU programme). In a nutshell, the objective of this research is to define a control framework that, given a target security level for a specific application scenario, is able to i) discover the system elements, ii) quantify the security level of each element as well as its contribution to the security of the overall system, and iii) compute the control action to be applied on such elements to reach the security target. The main innovations proposed by the authors are: i) the definition of a comprehensive methodology to quantify the security of a generic system independently from the technology and the environment and ii) the integration of the derived metrics into a closed-loop scheme that allows real-time control of the system. The solution described in this work moves from the proof-of-concepts performed in the early phase of the pSHIELD research and enrich es it through an innovative metric with a sound foundation, able to potentially cope with any kind of pplication scenarios (railways, automotive, manufacturing, ...)

Smart Vehicle to Grid Interface Project: Electromobility Management System Architecture and Field Test Results

This paper presents and discusses the electromobility management system developed in the context of the SMARTV2G project, enabling the automatic control of plug-in electric vehicles' (PEVs') charging processes. The paper describes the architecture and the software/hardware components of the electromobility management system. The focus is put in particular on the implementation of a centralized demand side management control algorithm, which allows remote real time control of the charging stations in the field, according to preferences and constraints expressed by all the actors involved (in particular the distribution system operator and the PEV users). The results of the field tests are reported and discussed, highlighting critical issues raised from the field experience.Comment: To appear in IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEEE IEVC 2014

Control architecture to provide E2E security in interconnected systems: the (new) SHIELD approach

Modern Systems are usually obtained as incremental composition of proper (smaller and SMART) subsystems interacting through communication interfaces. Such flexible architecture allows the pervasive provisioning of a wide class of services, ranging from multimedia contents delivery, through monitoring data collection, to command and control functionalities. All these services requires that the adequate level of robustness and security is assured at End-to- End (E2E) level, according to user requirements that may vary depending on the specific context or the involved technologies. A flexible methodology to dynamically control the security level of the service being offered is then needed. In this perspective, the authors propose an innovative control architecture able to assure E2E security potentially in any application, by dynamically adapting to the underlying systems and using its resources to “build the security”. In particular, the main novelties of this solution are: i) the possibility of dynamically discovering and composing the available functionalities offered by the environment to satisfy the security needs and ii) the possibility of modelling and measuring the security through innovative technology-independent metrics. The results presented in this paper moves from the solutions identified in the pSHIELD project and enrich them with the innovative advances achieved through the nSHIELD research, still ongoing. Both projects have been funded by ARTEMIS-JU

Genomic structure and marker-derived gene networks for growth and meat quality traits of Brazilian Nelore beef cattle

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Nelore is the major beef cattle breed in Brazil with more than 130 million heads. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are often used to associate markers and genomic regions to growth and meat quality traits that can be used to assist selection programs. An alternative methodology to traditional GWAS that involves the construction of gene network interactions, derived from results of several GWAS is the AWM (Association Weight Matrices)/PCIT (Partial Correlation and Information Theory). With the aim of evaluating the genetic architecture of Brazilian Nelore cattle, we used high-density SNP genotyping data (~770,000 SNP) from 780 Nelore animals comprising 34 half-sibling families derived from highly disseminated and unrelated sires from across Brazil. The AWM/PCIT methodology was employed to evaluate the genes that participate in a series of eight phenotypes related to growth and meat quality obtained from this Nelore sample.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud Our results indicate a lack of structuring between the individuals studied since principal component analyses were not able to differentiate families by its sires or by its ancestral lineages. The application of the AWM/PCIT methodology revealed a trio of transcription factors (comprising VDR, LHX9 and ZEB1) which in combination connected 66 genes through 359 edges and whose biological functions were inspected, some revealing to participate in biological growth processes in literature searches.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud The diversity of the Nelore sample studied is not high enough to differentiate among families neither by sires nor by using the available ancestral lineage information. The gene networks constructed from the AWM/PCIT methodology were a useful alternative in characterizing genes and gene networks that were allegedly influential in growth and meat quality traits in Nelore cattle.This study was conducted with funding from EMBRAPA (Macroprograma1,\ud 01/2005) and FAPESP (process number 2012/23638-8). GBM, LLC, LCAR and\ud MMA were granted CNPq fellowships. We thank Sean McWilliam, Marina R. S.\ud Fortes, Edilson Guimaraes, Robson Rodrigues Santiago, Roselito F. da Silva,\ud Fernando F. Cardoso, Flavia Aline Bressani, Wilson Malago Jr., Avelardo U. C.\ud Ferreira, Michel E. B. Yamaguishi and Fabio D. Vieira for the help and\ud technical assistance. The authors would like to acknowledge the\ud collaborative efforts among EMBRAPA, University of Sao Paulo and CSIRO

Control strategies for the integration of renewable energy sources in distribution and transmission networks

This PhD thesis presents an innovative control strategy for the integration of renewable energy sources in distribution and transmission networks. This work is based on a multilevel control approach that takes into account the current technology, state of the art and legislative limits and considering the most promising trends. The outer loop control is based on a real time strategy for optimal power flow in presence of storage devices and wind turbine driven by Doubly Fed Induction Generators. These elements work in cooperation defining a dy- namic bus where the generated power is subject to temporal constraints, which establish a coupling between traditional power flow problems related to consecutive time periods; further the uncertainty in wind power genera- tion forecasts requires a continuous update of the planned power profiles, in order to guarantee a dynamic equilibrium among demand and supply. Model predictive control is used for this purpose, considering the dynamic equations of the storage and the wind turbine rotor as prediction models. A proper target function is introduced in order to find a trade-off between the need of minimizing generation costs and the excursions of the storage state of charge and the wind turbine angular speed from reference states. In the case study under consideration storage, wind turbines and a traditional synchronous generator are operated by the Transmission System Operator in the form of a Virtual Power Plant to cover network losses. The inner loop control is based on a real time control strategy for dy- namically balancing electric demand and supply at local level, in a scenario characterized by a HV/MV substation with the presence of renewable energy sources in the form of photovoltaic generators and an electric energy storage system. The substation is connected to the grid and is powered by an equiv- alent traditional power plant playing the role of the bulk power system. A model predictive control approach is proposed to decide in time the storage setpoint, based on the storage state of charge, the forecast demand and the forecast output of renewable plants. The two loops allow to obtain an overall control system able to minimize the generation of traditional power systems during the day-ahead market in an hand, and to respect the local load forecasts in other hand thanks the introduction of non-dispatchable renewable energy system and the energy storage ones as well as an innovative predictive control strategy. Theoretical results are reported on the stability of the proposed control scheme, which is then validated also on a simulation basis. Simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in managing fluctuations of network demand and renewable generation under realistic conditions.This PhD thesis presents an innovative control strategy for the integration of renewable energy sources in distribution and transmission networks. This work is based on a multilevel control approach that takes into account the current technology, state of the art and legislative limits and considering the most promising trends. The outer loop control is based on a real time strategy for optimal power flow in presence of storage devices and wind turbine driven by Doubly Fed Induction Generators. These elements work in cooperation defining a dy- namic bus where the generated power is subject to temporal constraints, which establish a coupling between traditional power flow problems related to consecutive time periods; further the uncertainty in wind power genera- tion forecasts requires a continuous update of the planned power profiles, in order to guarantee a dynamic equilibrium among demand and supply. Model predictive control is used for this purpose, considering the dynamic equations of the storage and the wind turbine rotor as prediction models. A proper target function is introduced in order to find a trade-off between the need of minimizing generation costs and the excursions of the storage state of charge and the wind turbine angular speed from reference states. In the case study under consideration storage, wind turbines and a traditional synchronous generator are operated by the Transmission System Operator in the form of a Virtual Power Plant to cover network losses. The inner loop control is based on a real time control strategy for dy- namically balancing electric demand and supply at local level, in a scenario characterized by a HV/MV substation with the presence of renewable energy sources in the form of photovoltaic generators and an electric energy storage system. The substation is connected to the grid and is powered by an equiv- alent traditional power plant playing the role of the bulk power system. A model predictive control approach is proposed to decide in time the storage setpoint, based on the storage state of charge, the forecast demand and the forecast output of renewable plants. The two loops allow to obtain an overall control system able to minimize the generation of traditional power systems during the day-ahead market in an hand, and to respect the local load forecasts in other hand thanks the introduction of non-dispatchable renewable energy system and the energy storage ones as well as an innovative predictive control strategy. Theoretical results are reported on the stability of the proposed control scheme, which is then validated also on a simulation basis. Simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in managing fluctuations of network demand and renewable generation under realistic conditions

Nectaries in inflorescences of Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae): anatomy and chemical composition of nectar

Mabea fistulifera é uma espécie arbórea, monoica, autoincompatível e polinizada por mamíferos, aves e abelhas. São encontrados nectários extranupciais nas flores pistiladas e frutos, sendo visitados por formigas, e nectários nupciais inseridos na raque da cima de flores estaminadas produzem o néctar consumido por polinizadores. O objetivo do estudo consiste em caracterizar os nectários presentes nas inflorescências de M. fistulifera e a composição do néctar. Nectários em diversos estádios de desenvolvimento foram coletados, fixados e processados para estudo em microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica. Amostras de néctar foram coletadas para quantificar sacarose, glicose, frutose, proteínas e aminoácidos. Os nectários nupciais e extranupciais apresentam características anatômicas semelhantes. Ambos são compostos por uma epiderme secretora sem estômatos ou tricomas, parênquima secretor e parênquima de preenchimento vascularizado por xilema e floema. O néctar produzido pelos nectários nupciais é diluído, rico em glicose e frutose, além de conter compostos fenólicos, lipídios, proteínas e aminoácidos. Essas características do néctar estão relacionadas tanto à atração dos polinizadores quanto à exclusão de pilhadores. Os nectários extranupciais começam a secretar a partir da antese das flores pistiladas, e continuam produzindo néctar durante o desenvolvimento dos frutos. A atividade floral e pós-floral dos nectários extranupciais e a presença de formigas visitando flores e frutos são fortes evidências para a função de proteção contra herbivoria.Mabea fistulifera is tree species, monoecious, self-incompatible and pollinated by mammals, birds and bees. Extranupciais nectaries are found in pistillate flowers and fruits, commonly visited by ants, and nuptial nectaries inserted in the rachis of staminate flowers that produce nectar consumed by pollinators. As such, the present study aimed to characterize the nectaries present in inflorescences of M. fistulifera and the composition of nectar. Nectaries in various stages of development were collected, fixed and processed for study in light and electron microscopy. Nectar samples were collected to quantify sucrose, glucose, fructose, proteins and amino acids. Nuptial and extranuptial nectaries have similar anatomical features. Both are composed of a secretory epidermis without stomata or trichomes, secretory parenchyma and ground parenchyma vascularized by xylem and phloem. The nectar produced by nuptial nectaries is diluted, rich in glucose and fructose, and contain phenolic compounds, lipids, proteins and amino acids. These nectar features are related both to the attraction of pollinators to the exclusion of nectar robbers. The extranuptial nectaries begin to secrete at anthesis of pistillate flowers, and continue to produce nectar during fruit development. The floral and post-floral activity nectaries of extranuptial andthe presence of ants visiting flowers and fruits are strong evidence for protection against herbivory function.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerai

Lugar Possível: 1985/1995: as artes plásticas em Belo Horizonte

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T00:47:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_lugar_poss_vel___completa.pdf: 7879794 bytes, checksum: 1324d52651b83dc2ec16ffae7162044f (MD5) Previous issue date: 20Apresentam-se, em linhas gerais, a organização e os pontos relevantes de toda a pesquisa que gerou a presente tese de doutorado. Os resultados do trabalho são apresentados em etapas: a introdução aborda o objeto de pesquisa. A primeira parte apresenta as principais referências e as imagens que delinearam o contexto do meu percurso a partir da década de 80, em Belo Horizonte. Na segunda, apresentamseos depoimentos dos convidados a respeito do tema, registrados em vídeo. A terceira parte contém uma abordagem sobre o panorama da cidade de Belo Horizonte naqueles anos, contendo também um conjunto de imagens dos artistas mais envolvidos com a pintura e o desenho. A quarta parte apresenta um panorama sobre o clima dos anos 80 em São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, com imagens, situações e comentários sobre as obras dos artistas desses anos. E, na quinta e última parte, segue-se um panorama internacional, com comentários sobre movimentos e obras de alguns artistas mais influentes, naquele momento. As entrevistas gravadas dão relevo ao cultivo de um vocabulário próprio, muitas vezes coloquial, traduzindo, em uma coreografia do múltiplo, as marcas de um período e de um grupo de artistas cuja ação prática era a condição fundamental para a aquisição de conhecimento.What follows is a structural overview and the relevant points of all the work that generated this PhD thesis. The results are ordered in four stages: the introduction discusses the research object. The first chapter presents the main historical references that outlined the visual arts context during the 80s, in Belo Horizonte. In the second , the guest artist's testimonies about the 80's in Belo Horizonte, that were video recorded, are presented. The third section contains an approach on the city's art landscape in those years, as well as an image album showcasing the artist's paintings and drawings. What I have called the fourth section presents an overview of the atmosphere of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in the 80's, with images, state of affairs and comments on the artist's work during that time. Finally, an international overview with comments on the movements and work of art of some of the time's most influential artists. The recorded statements give evidence to the cultivation of its own vocabulary, often colloquial, translating, as a choreography of the multiple, the marks of a decade and a group of artists whose practical action was the fundamental condition for the acquisition of knowledge

Electric energy storage systems integration in distribution grids

This paper presents a real time control strategy for dynamically balancing electric demand and supply at local level, in a scenario characterized by a HV/MV substation with the presence of renewable energy sources in the form of photovoltaic generators and an electric energy storage system. The substation is connected to the grid and is powered by an equivalent traditional power plant playing the role of the bulk power system. A Model Predictive Control based approach is proposed, by which the active power setpoints for the traditional power plant and the storage are continually updated over the time, depending on generation costs, storage’s state of charge, foreseen demand and production from renewables. The proposed approach is validated on a simulation basis, showing its effectiveness in managing fluctuations of network demand and photovoltaic generation in test and real conditions